Sign Language

What Is Sign Language?

Sign language is a visual-manual language used primarily by Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. It relies on hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. It has its own grammar and syntax, independent of spoken languages.

Key Components

Sign languages use handshape, motion, facial expression, and spatial positioning to form sentences.

Visual Grammar

Non-manual elements—like head tilts, eye gaze, or eyebrow movement—play grammatical roles in forming meaning.

Fingerspelling

Most sign languages incorporate a manual alphabet for spelling names, technical terms, or words without a specific sign. ASL uses a single-hand alphabet while BSL uses a two-handed system.

Major Sign Languages

Major sign languages include American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), French Sign Language (LSF), Japanese Sign Language (JSL), Australian Sign Language (Auslan), and Mexican Sign Language (LSM). Each has unique grammar shaped by regional culture.

Legal Recognition

Many countries legally recognize sign language. The ADA requires public services and employers to provide interpretation when needed. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities encourages official acknowledgment of national sign languages. Key sectors with requirements include live broadcasts, education, healthcare, and employment.

Online Accessibility and WCAG

Under WCAG 2.1 Level AAA, pre-recorded videos must include sign language translations. This supports Deaf users who rely on visual language rather than text-based alternatives like captions.

Cultural Role

Sign language is central to Deaf culture. It carries identity, shared history, and artistic expression. Promoting sign language access supports not only communication but equal participation in public, cultural, and civic life.